Introduction: Today, the creation of a reliable and credible brand in the eyes of tourists has become one of the most attractive and controversial topics in the field of social geography and tourism marketing.Data and Method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research is the tourists of Mashhad city. The sample size was determined based on Morgan's table and using a non-random method available to 384 people. The tool of data collection in this research is the standard research questionnaire of Monilino et al. (2022). Cronbach's alpha was used to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis was used for the validity of the questionnaire. and data analysis was done by structural equation method and using smart pls software. Results: The results indicate that brand attachment mediates the effect of brand identity, brand reputation, and Enduring culture involvement on brand credibility. Also, acculturation, destination brand identity and destination brand reputation have a positive and significant effect on brand credibility and attachment to the tourism destination brand. In addition, attachment to the tourism destination brand has a positive and significant effect on the reputation of the tourism destination brand. Conclusion: It shows the importance of the location and origin of a tourist destination, that social geography has caused differences and different traditions, which brings a special attraction for tourists and other nations.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of enduring involvement in adventure tourism on women’ s empowerment. The methodology of the present research has been applied in terms of purpose, and from the perspective of the method, descriptive-Correlation was specifically based on structural equation modeling using Smart PLS 3 software. The research population consisted of all Iranian women involved in adventure tourism, out of whom 223 were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using Beckman’ s (2013) Enduring Involvement in an Adventure Tourism Questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the women’ s empowerment. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed by the opinions of Sociology and Sport Management professors, and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’ s alpha and composite reliability. The results indicated that Iranian women can be empowered in social, economic, physical, and political aspects by being involved in adventure. Furthermore, as adventure tourism involves outdoor physical activity, this type of empowerment gives Iranian women the opportunity to make important decisions which favorably influence their personal life. It is suggested that organizations in charge of women affairs give women the opportunity to participate in physical activities, especially adventure sports, as a new empowerment strategy.

The polite listener In England stares at the speaker attentively and blinks his eyes occasionally as a sign of interest. That eye-blink says nothing to Americans, who expect the listener to nod or to murmur something such as "mm - hmm”. And in some parts of  Far East, it is impolite to look at the other person at all during conversation.It is often argued that, in teaching foreign languages, culture and language are interwoven in a way that it is not possible to present language without its culture. However, until a new method of teaching language, called communicative approach, which is sociolinguistically oriented, had not come into existence, this belief was not used to be observed in textbooks and language classes. This method intends to create situations in the classroom in which foreign language can be used as naturally and authentically as the native speakers of target language use it for communicative purposes.The problem of teaching culture, nevertheless, does not end here. Nowadays, foreign languages are taught with different and varied objectives. Is it necessary for all foreign language learners to get familiar with the culture of foreign language they are supposed to learn? As Schumann (1984) claims, is it true that second language learning is impossible, unless one gives up his/her own native culture and adopts the culture of foreign language community? What are some relevant issues regarding teaching English in Iran? These are actually some basic questions raised in this article. Whereas definite answers are not necessarily provided in this paper, some areas of research related to culture, and teaching foreign language are put forward.

Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-Psychological Approach.

2Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one important cause of mortality in the world. In the common staging systems of CRC, many biological behaviors of the tumor that determine the prognosis are not defined. Risk stratification is becoming increasingly important in low-stage CRC, because these patients do not undergo adjuvant therapy unless poor prognostic factors such as vascular invasion (VI), perineural invasion (PI) and serosal involvement (SI) are present. Accurate evaluation of these factors in CRC specimens is still challenging. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the detection rate of VI, PI and SI in 180 patients of CRC who underwent surgical resection based on basic pathology reports, review of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides with considering morphologic clues such as “protruding tongue” and “orphan artery” signs, and elastin stain for detection of VI. In addition, the stage of the disease, pT stage, tumor location, tumor type and grade were categorized, separately. We used the Fisher’s exact test for comparing variables between the two groups. P<0. 05 was considered significant. All data analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Overall, the detection rate of VI was significantly increased in review of H&E slides with considering morphologic clues (P=0. 019) and also using elastin stain (P<0. 05) than basic pathology reports, but no significant differences observed in PI (P=0. 118) and SI (P=1. 00) between the first basic pathology reports and review of H&E slides. Also, significant differences observed in VI, PI and SI based on AJCC stage, pT stage and grade of tumor (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Considering the prognostic importance of VI detection in the treatment of patients of CRC, Slide review with attention to the morphologic clues such as “protruding tongue” and “orphan artery” signs and elastin staining could be used for better detection of VI in patients of CRC in routine surgical specimens

Background If the space governing the organization is a space with ethics due to adherence to ethical principles, the existence of such a space for employees creates commitment and desire to continue working in the organization and improve the overall performance of the organization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between ethical culture and organizational ethics with job conflict among employees of sports and youth departments in Kermanshah province. Method The research method is descriptive-correlation and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study included 150 employees of sports and youth departments of Kermanshah province that 110 people were selected as a sample using simple random sampling method. The research tool was the use of three questionnaires: Singingpadi and Wittelchr('39')s ethical culture, Organizational Ethics Questionnaire (EPQ), and Ladeel & Conner Job Engagement Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Results In general, ethical culture and organizational ethics are related to job conflict. This is based on the correlation test between moral culture and job conflict to the extent of 0. 000 and we have a significant relationship between organizational ethics and job conflict to the extent of 0. 002. In this regard, the relationship between moral culture and job conflict is more appropriate and it can be said that job conflict has received more relationship from moral culture than organizational ethics. Conclusion It seems that efforts to establish an ethical work environment in the organization and encourage employees to perform work activities based on ethical culture, can provide opportunities to promote employee job conflict.

Nowadays in consequence of widespread changes of corporate governances, chairman of the board has more real authorities on company decisions and due to his significant role in board leadership, is under the pressure of performance expectations. However, these changers are not made as it deserves in Iran and in spite of various effects of Chairman Leadership on board culture – especially team production culture- and board of director's strategic engagement, it requires more researches. Based on this fact, in this survey, boards of production cooperatives (just active firms) in Rasht city using Questionnaire are studied. Results revealed that the effective leadership of chairman can set an effective culture in which team production is on higher priority and subsequently can influence the strategic involvement of board of directors. On the other hand it is proved that open atmosphere of board meetings; preparedness, creativity and cohesion among directors can mediate the relationship between effective leadership of chairman and strategic involvement of board of directors.